Florence Nightingale - Pioneering English nurse.
Carte de visite photograph of Florence Nightingale, by Kilburn, circa 1854. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
Florence Nightingale, OM, RRC (12 May 1820 – 13 August 1910), who came to be known as “The Lady with the Lamp”, was a pioneering nurse, writer and noted statistician.
Wikipedia – The Free Encyclopedia
U. S. Contemporaries: Civil War Cycle – Transcendental Generation – Prophet (Idealist) (1792-1821)
Sigmund Freud - Influential Austrian psychiatrist and creater of the clinical practice of psychoanalysis.
Portrait of Sigmund Freud (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
Sigmund Freud, born Sigismund Schlomo Freud (6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939), was an Austrian psychiatrist who founded the psychoanalytic school of psychology. Freud is best known for his theories of the unconscious mind and the defense mechanism of repression and for creating the clinical practice of psychoanalysis for curing psychopathology through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst. Freud is also renowned for his redefinition of sexual desire as the primary motivational energy of human life, as well as his therapeutic techniques, including the use of free association, his theory of transference in the therapeutic relationship, and the interpretation of dreams as sources of insight into unconscious desires. He was also an early neurological researcher into cerebral palsy. While of significant historical interest, many of Freud’s ideas have fallen out of favor or have been modified by Neo-Freudians, although at the close of the 20th century, advances in the field of neurology began to show evidence for many of his theories. Freud’s methods and ideas remain important in clinical psychodynamic approaches. In academia his ideas continue to influence the humanities and some social sciences.
Wikipedia – The Free Encyclopedia
U. S. Contemporaries: Civil War Cycle – Progressive Generation – Artist (Adaptive) (1843-1859)
Catherine the Great - Long serving Empress of Russia
Oil on canvas portrait of Empress Catherine the Great by Russian painter Fyodor Rokotov (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
Catherine II, called Catherine the Great (2 May 1729 – 17 November 1796). Reigned as Empress of Russia from 9 July 1762 until her death. Under her direct auspices the Russian Empire expanded, improved its administration, and continued to westernize. Catherine’s rule re-vitalised Russia, which grew ever stronger and became recognized as one of the great powers of Europe. Her successes in complex foreign policy and her sometimes brutal reprisals in the wake of rebellion (most notably Pugachev’s Rebellion) complemented her hectic private life. She frequently occasioned scandal — given her propensity for relationships which often resulted in gossip flourishing within more than one European court.
Wikipedia – The Free Encyclopedia
U. S. Contemporaries: Revolutionary War Cycle – Liberty Generation – Nomad (Reactive) (1724-1741)
Ulysses S. Grant - Civil War Union General and 18th President of the United States
Pres. U.S. Grant (between 1870 and 1880) (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
Ulysses S. Grant (born Hiram Ulysses Grant) (April 27, 1822 – July 23, 1885) was general-in-chief of the Union Army from 1864 to 1865 during the American Civil War and the 18th President of the United States from 1869 to 1877.
Wikipedia – The Free Encyclopedia
Civil War Cycle – Transcendental Awakening Era – Second Turning, Awakening (1822-1837)
Gilded Generation – Nomad (Reactive) (1822-1842)
The death of President Abraham Lincoln
Assassination of President Abraham Lincoln; 1865 depiction. Assassin John Wilkes Booth on the right. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
The assassination of United States President Abraham Lincoln took place on April 14, 1865, as the American Civil War was drawing to a close, just five days after the surrender of the commanding general of the Army of Northern Virginia, Robert E. Lee, and his battered Army of Northern Virginia to General Ulysses S. Grant. Lincoln was the first American president to be assassinated, though an unsuccessful attempt had been made on Andrew Jackson in 1835.
The assassination was planned and carried out by well-known actor John Wilkes Booth as part of a larger conspiracy intended to rally the remaining Confederate troops to continue fighting. Booth plotted with Lewis Powell and George Atzerodt to kill Secretary of State William H. Seward and Vice President Andrew Johnson as well.
Lincoln was shot while watching the play Our American Cousin at Ford’s Theatre in Washington, D.C. with his wife, Mary Todd Lincoln. He died the next morning. The rest of the plot failed. Powell only managed to wound Seward, while Atzerodt, Johnson’s would-be assassin, lost his nerve and fled.
Wikipedia – The Free Encyclopedia
Civil War Cycle - Civil War Era - Fourth Turning, Crisis (1860-1865)
The Assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
President Lyndon B. Johnson and Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. meet at the White House, 1966 (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
Martin Luther King, Jr., a prominent American leader of the African-American civil rights movement and Nobel Peace Prize laureate, was assassinated at the Lorraine Motel in Memphis, Tennessee, on April 4, 1968, at the age of 39. On June 10, 1968, James Earl Ray, a fugitive from the Missouri State Penitentiary, was arrested in London at Heathrow Airport, extradited to the United States, and charged with the crime. On March 10, 1969, Ray entered a plea of guilty and was sentenced to 99 years in the Tennessee state penitentiary. Ray later made many attempts to withdraw his guilty plea and be tried by a jury, but was unsuccessful; he died in prison on April 23, 1998, at the age of 70
Wikipedia – The Free Encyclopedia
Present Cycle – Boom Awakening Era – Second Turning, Awakening (1966-1980)
Thomas Starzl - The father of modern transplantation.
Thomas E. Starzl (born March 11, 1926) is an American physician, researcher, and is an expert on organ transplants. He performed the first human liver transplants, and has often been referred to as “the father of modern transplantation.”
Wikipedia – The Free EncyclopediaWorld War Cycle – World War I / Prohibition Era – Third Turning, Unraveling (1910-1929)
Silent Generation, – Artist (Adaptive) (1925-1942)
W. E. B. Du Bois - Early civil rights activist
W. E. B. Du Bois (1868 – 1963), co-founder of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), in 1918. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
William Edward Burghardt Du Bois (February 23, 1868 – August 27, 1963) was an American civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, sociologist, historian, author, and editor. Historian David Levering Lewis wrote, “In the course of his long, turbulent career, W. E. B. Du Bois attempted virtually every possible solution to the problem of twentieth-century racism— scholarship, propaganda, integration, national self-determination, human rights, cultural and economic separatism, politics, international communism, expatriation, third world solidarity.
Wikipedia – The Free Encyclopedia
World War Cycle – The Gilded Age – First Turning, High (1866-1885)
Missionary Generation – Prophet (Idealist) (1860-1882)
Susan Brownell Anthony – Age 28 – Project Gutenberg eText 15220 (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
Susan B. Anthony – prominent women’s sufferagist.
Susan Brownell Anthony (February 15, 1820 – March 13, 1906) was a prominent American civil rights leader who played a pivotal role in the 19th century women’s rights movement to introduce women’s suffrage into the United States. She traveled the United States and Europe, and gave 75 to 100 speeches per year on women’s rights for 45 years.
Wikepedia – The Free Encyclopedia
Civil War Cycle – Era of Good Feeling – First Turning, High (1788-1821)
Transcendental Generation – Prophet (Idealist) (1792-1821)
Today’s Notable Birthdays
U. S. Birthday
Martin Luther King Jr. - Leader of the African-American civil rights movement.
Cover of Martin Luther King, Jr.
Martin Luther King, Jr. (January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968) was an American clergyman, activist and prominent leader in the African-American civil rights movement. His main legacy was to secure progress on civil rights in the United States and he is frequently referenced as a human rights icon today.
A Baptist minister, King became a civil rights activist early in his career. He led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1957, serving as its first president. He was assassinated by a gunman in 1968.
Wikipedia – The Free Encyclopedia
World War Cycle – World War I / Prohibition Era – Third Turning, Unraveling (1910-1929)
Silent Generation, - Artist (Adaptive) (1925-1942)